Hi, I frequently encounter the situation in which I need the latest data from the datastore, for instance to avoid optimistic verification exceptions. According to the spec I would say that PersistenceManager.refresh() is the right job for this "Refresh the state of the instance from the data store." However, the JDO implementation I use has a Level 2 datastore cache and I noticed that the refresh() not refreshes() the data from the datastore but from the datastore cache. I've discussed this with them and their argument is that the datacache is being treated as the datastore. Is this according to the spec? Kind regards, Christiaan