Return-Path: 
 <jdo-commits-return-1710-apmail-db-jdo-commits-archive=www.apache.org@db.apache.org>
Delivered-To: apmail-db-jdo-commits-archive@www.apache.org
Received: (qmail 8773 invoked from network); 14 Jan 2007 18:06:31 -0000
Received: from hermes.apache.org (HELO mail.apache.org) (140.211.11.2)
  by minotaur.apache.org with SMTP; 14 Jan 2007 18:06:31 -0000
Received: (qmail 17209 invoked by uid 500); 14 Jan 2007 18:06:37 -0000
Mailing-List: contact jdo-commits-help@db.apache.org; run by ezmlm
Precedence: bulk
List-Help: <mailto:jdo-commits-help@db.apache.org>
List-Unsubscribe: <mailto:jdo-commits-unsubscribe@db.apache.org>
List-Post: <mailto:jdo-commits@db.apache.org>
List-Id: <jdo-commits.db.apache.org>
Reply-To: jdo-dev@db.apache.org
Delivered-To: mailing list jdo-commits@db.apache.org
Received: (qmail 17198 invoked by uid 99); 14 Jan 2007 18:06:37 -0000
Received: from herse.apache.org (HELO herse.apache.org) (140.211.11.133)
    by apache.org (qpsmtpd/0.29) with ESMTP; Sun, 14 Jan 2007 10:06:37 -0800
X-ASF-Spam-Status: No, hits=-9.4 required=10.0
	tests=ALL_TRUSTED,NO_REAL_NAME
X-Spam-Check-By: apache.org
Received: from [140.211.11.3] (HELO eris.apache.org) (140.211.11.3)
    by apache.org (qpsmtpd/0.29) with ESMTP; Sun, 14 Jan 2007 10:06:29 -0800
Received: by eris.apache.org (Postfix, from userid 65534)
	id 031541A9820; Sun, 14 Jan 2007 10:05:27 -0800 (PST)
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Subject: svn commit: r496105 [3/3] - in
 /db/jdo/trunk/tck20/src/java/org/apache/jdo/tck/lifecycle:
 StateTransitions.java StateTransitionsReturnedObjects.java
Date: Sun, 14 Jan 2007 18:05:26 -0000
To: jdo-commits@db.apache.org
From: mcaisse@apache.org
X-Mailer: svnmailer-1.1.0
Message-Id: <20070114180527.031541A9820@eris.apache.org>
X-Virus-Checked: Checked by ClamAV on apache.org

Modified: db/jdo/trunk/tck20/src/java/org/apache/jdo/tck/lifecycle/StateTransitionsReturnedObjects.java
URL: http://svn.apache.org/viewvc/db/jdo/trunk/tck20/src/java/org/apache/jdo/tck/lifecycle/StateTransitionsReturnedObjects.java?view=diff&rev=496105&r1=496104&r2=496105
==============================================================================
--- db/jdo/trunk/tck20/src/java/org/apache/jdo/tck/lifecycle/StateTransitionsReturnedObjects.java (original)
+++ db/jdo/trunk/tck20/src/java/org/apache/jdo/tck/lifecycle/StateTransitionsReturnedObjects.java Sun Jan 14 10:05:25 2007
@@ -1,723 +1,723 @@
-/*
- * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
- * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
- * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
- * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
- * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
- * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
- * 
- *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- * 
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software 
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, 
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. 
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and 
- * limitations under the License.
- */
- 
-package org.apache.jdo.tck.lifecycle;
-
-import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
-import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
-import java.io.IOException;
-import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
-import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
-import java.util.Iterator;
-
-import javax.jdo.Extent;
-import javax.jdo.JDOFatalException;
-import javax.jdo.Transaction;
-
-import org.apache.jdo.tck.JDO_Test;
-import org.apache.jdo.tck.pc.lifecycle.StateTransitionObj;
-import org.apache.jdo.tck.util.BatchTestRunner;
-
-/**
- *<B>Title:</B> Test State Transitions
- *<BR>
- *<B>Keywords:</B> lifecycle
- *<BR>
- *<B>Assertion IDs:</B> A5.9-1 through A5.9-190
- *<B>Assertion Description: </B>
- All possible state transistions are being tested in this test.
- */
-
-public class StateTransitionsReturnedObjects extends JDO_Test {
-
-    /** */
-    private static final String ASSERTION_FAILED = 
-        "Assertions A5.9-1 through A5.5.8 (serialization, detachment, attachment) failed: ";
-    
-    /**
-     * The <code>main</code> is called when the class
-     * is directly executed from the command line.
-     * @param args The arguments passed to the program.
-     */
-    public static void main(String[] args) {
-        BatchTestRunner.run(StateTransitionsReturnedObjects.class);
-    }
-    
-    private Transaction                 transaction;
-    private int                         scenario;
-    private int                         operation;
-    private int                         current_state;
-    private int                         expected_state;
-    private int                         new_state;
-
-    /**
-     * Operations that cause state changes
-     */
-    private static final int MAKEPERSISTENT          = 0;
-    private static final int DETACHCOPYOUTSIDETXNTRTRU = 1;
-    private static final int DETACHCOPYOUTSIDETXNTRFLS = 2;
-    private static final int DETACHCOPYINSIDEDATASTORETX = 3;
-    private static final int DETACHCOPYINSIDEOPTIMISTICTX = 4;
-    private static final int SERIALIZEOUTSIDETX = 5;
-    private static final int SERIALIZEINSIDETX       = 6;
-    
-    private static final int NUM_OPERATIONS          = 7;
-    
-    private static final String[] operations = {
-        "makePersistent",
-        "detachCopy outside tx with NontransactionalRead true",
-        "detachCopy outside tx with NontransactionalRead false",
-        "detachCopy with active datastore tx",
-        "detachCopy with active optimistic tx",
-        "serialize outside tx",
-        "serialize with active tx"
-    };
-
-    /**
-     * Illegal state transitions
-     */
-    private static final int UNCHANGED                   = -1;
-    private static final int ERROR                       = -2;
-    private static final int IMPOSSIBLE                  = -3;
-    private static final int NOT_APPLICABLE              = -4;
-    private static final int UNSPECIFIED                 = -5;
-
-    /**
-     * State transitions
-     */
-    public static final int[][] statesOfReturnedObjects = { // [operation] [current state] = new state
-        //  TRANSIENT,                      PERSISTENT_NEW,                     PERSISTENT_CLEAN,
-        //  PERSISTENT_DIRTY,               HOLLOW,                             TRANSIENT_CLEAN,
-        //  TRANSIENT_DIRTY,                PERSISTENT_NEW_DELETED,             PERSISTENT_DELETED, 
-        //  PERSISTENT_NONTRANSACTIONAL,    PERSISTENT_NONTRANSACTIONAL_DIRTY,  DETACHED_CLEAN, 
-        //  DETACHED_DIRTY
-        
-        // makePersistent
-        {   PERSISTENT_NEW,                 UNCHANGED,                          UNCHANGED,
-            UNCHANGED,                      UNCHANGED,                          PERSISTENT_NEW,
-            PERSISTENT_NEW,                 UNCHANGED,                          UNCHANGED, 
-            UNCHANGED,                      UNCHANGED,                          PERSISTENT_CLEAN,     
-            PERSISTENT_DIRTY},
-
-        // detachCopy outside tx with NontransactionalRead=true
-        {   ERROR,                          IMPOSSIBLE,                         IMPOSSIBLE,
-            IMPOSSIBLE,                     DETACHED_CLEAN,                     ERROR,
-            IMPOSSIBLE,                     IMPOSSIBLE,                         IMPOSSIBLE,
-            DETACHED_CLEAN,                 UNSPECIFIED,                        DETACHED_CLEAN,
-            UNSPECIFIED},
-
-        // detachCopy outside tx with NontransactionalRead=false
-        {   ERROR,                          ERROR,                              ERROR,
-            ERROR,                          ERROR,                              ERROR,
-            IMPOSSIBLE,                     IMPOSSIBLE,                         IMPOSSIBLE,
-            ERROR,                          ERROR,                              ERROR,
-            ERROR},
-
-        // detachCopy with active datastore tx
-        {   DETACHED_CLEAN,                 DETACHED_CLEAN,                     DETACHED_CLEAN,
-            DETACHED_CLEAN,                 DETACHED_CLEAN,                     DETACHED_CLEAN,
-            DETACHED_CLEAN,                 ERROR,                              ERROR,
-            DETACHED_CLEAN,                 IMPOSSIBLE,                         DETACHED_CLEAN,
-            DETACHED_CLEAN},
-
-        // detachCopy with active optimistic tx
-        {   DETACHED_CLEAN,                 DETACHED_CLEAN,                     DETACHED_CLEAN,
-            DETACHED_CLEAN,                 DETACHED_CLEAN,                     DETACHED_CLEAN,
-            DETACHED_CLEAN,                 ERROR,                              ERROR,
-            DETACHED_CLEAN,                 IMPOSSIBLE,                         DETACHED_CLEAN,
-            DETACHED_CLEAN},
-
-        // serialize outside tx
-        {   UNCHANGED,                      IMPOSSIBLE,                         IMPOSSIBLE,
-            IMPOSSIBLE,                     DETACHED_CLEAN,                     IMPOSSIBLE,
-            IMPOSSIBLE,                     IMPOSSIBLE,                         IMPOSSIBLE,
-            DETACHED_CLEAN,                 TRANSIENT,                          UNCHANGED,
-            UNCHANGED},
-
-        // serialize with active tx
-        {   UNCHANGED,                      DETACHED_CLEAN,                     DETACHED_CLEAN,
-            DETACHED_CLEAN,                 DETACHED_CLEAN,                     TRANSIENT,
-            TRANSIENT,                      TRANSIENT,                          TRANSIENT,
-            DETACHED_CLEAN,                 TRANSIENT,                          UNCHANGED,
-            UNCHANGED},
-    };
-
-    private static final int DATASTORE_TX = 0;
-    private static final int OPTIMISTIC_TX = 1;
-    private static final int NO_TX = 2;
-
-    private static final String[] scenario_string = {
-        "datastore transaction", "optimistic transaction", "no transaction"
-    };
-
-    private static final boolean[][] applies_to_scenario = {
-        //  Datastore   Optimistic      No tx
-        {   true,          true,        false },  // makePersistent
-        // since the spec leaves detachCopy outside tx a bit underspecified,
-        // we decided to disable this scanario for now
-        {   false,         false,       true },   // detachCopy outside tx with NontransactionalRead=true
-        {   false,         false,       false },   // detachCopy outside tx with NontransactionalRead=false
-        {   true,          true,        false },  // detachCopy with active datastore tx
-        {   true,          true,        false },  // detachCopy with active optimistic tx
-        {   false,         false,       true },   // serialize outside tx
-        {   true,          true,        false }   // serialize with active tx
-    };
-
-    /**
-     * @see JDO_Test#localSetUp()
-     */
-    protected void localSetUp() {
-        pm = getPM();
-        addTearDownClass(StateTransitionObj.class);
-        generatePersistentInstances();
-    }
-    
-    public void test() {
-        scenario = DATASTORE_TX;
-        checkTransitions();
-
-        if( isOptimisticSupported() ){
-            scenario = OPTIMISTIC_TX;
-            checkTransitions();
-        }
-
-        scenario = NO_TX;
-        checkTransitions();
-        failOnError();
-    }
-
-    /** */
-    private void generatePersistentInstances()
-    {
-        if( doPersistentInstancesExist() ) return;
-        int i;
-        Transaction t = pm.currentTransaction();
-        t.begin();
-        for( i = 0; i < 50; ++i ){
-            StateTransitionObj sto = new StateTransitionObj(i);
-            sto.writeField(i);
-            pm.makePersistent(sto);
-        }
-        t.commit();
-        if( !doPersistentInstancesExist() )
-            if (debug)
-                logger.debug("StateTransitionsReturnedObjects unable to create instances of StateTransitionsObj");
-    }
-
-    /** */
-    private boolean doPersistentInstancesExist()
-    {
-        boolean ret;
-        Transaction t = pm.currentTransaction();
-        t.begin();
-        Extent e = pm.getExtent(StateTransitionObj.class, false);
-        Iterator iter = e.iterator();
-        ret = iter.hasNext();
-        t.rollback();
-        return ret;
-    }
-
-    /** */
-    public void prepareTransactionAndJDOSettings(Transaction transaction) {
-        if( scenario != NO_TX ) {
-            transaction.setNontransactionalRead(false);
-            transaction.setNontransactionalWrite(false);
-            pm.setDetachAllOnCommit(false);
-
-            transaction.setOptimistic(scenario == OPTIMISTIC_TX);
-            transaction.begin();
-            if( !transaction.isActive() )
-                if (debug)
-                    logger.debug("StateTransitionsReturnedObjects: Transaction should be active, but it is not");
-        } else {
-            if( operation == DETACHCOPYOUTSIDETXNTRTRU ||
-                operation == SERIALIZEOUTSIDETX ) {
-                transaction.setNontransactionalRead(true);
-            }
-            if( current_state == PERSISTENT_NONTRANSACTIONAL_DIRTY) {
-                transaction.setNontransactionalRead(true);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    
-    /** */
-    void checkTransitions()
-    {
-        for( operation = 0; operation < NUM_OPERATIONS; ++operation ){
-            // rule out situations that do not apply
-            if( !applies_to_scenario[operation][scenario] ) continue;
-            if( (operation == DETACHCOPYOUTSIDETXNTRTRU ||
-                 operation == SERIALIZEOUTSIDETX) && 
-                 !isNontransactionalReadSupported() ) continue;
-
-            for( current_state = 0; current_state < NUM_STATES; ++current_state){
-                if( scenario == OPTIMISTIC_TX && current_state == PERSISTENT_CLEAN ) continue;
-                if( (current_state == TRANSIENT_CLEAN || current_state == TRANSIENT_DIRTY) &&
-                    !isTransientTransactionalSupported() )
-                    continue;   // this state is not supported by implementation
-                if( current_state == PERSISTENT_NONTRANSACTIONAL &&
-                    !(isNontransactionalReadSupported() || isNontransactionalWriteSupported()) )
-                    continue;   // this state is not supported by implementation
-                if( current_state == PERSISTENT_NONTRANSACTIONAL_DIRTY &&
-                        !isNontransactionalWriteSupported() )
-                    continue;
-
-                expected_state = statesOfReturnedObjects[operation][current_state];
-                if( expected_state == IMPOSSIBLE ) continue;
-                if( expected_state == NOT_APPLICABLE ) continue;
-                if( expected_state == UNSPECIFIED ) continue;
-                if( expected_state == UNCHANGED ) expected_state = current_state;
-                try {
-                    transaction = pm.currentTransaction();
-                    if( transaction.isActive()){
-                        if (debug)
-                            logger.debug("Transaction is active (but should not be), rolling back");
-                        transaction.rollback();
-                    }
-
-                    prepareTransactionAndJDOSettings(transaction);
-
-                    printSituation();
-                    
-                    StateTransitionObj obj = getInstanceInState(current_state);
-                    if( obj == null ){  // could not get object in state
-                        if( transaction.isActive() ) transaction.rollback();
-                        continue;
-                    }
-
-                    // Apply operation, catching possible exception
-                    Exception e = null;
-                    Object returnedObject = null;
-                    try {
-                        returnedObject = applyOperation(operation, obj);
-                    } catch( Exception excep ){
-                        if( excep instanceof javax.jdo.JDOUserException ){
-                            e = excep;
-                        } else {
-                            appendMessage(ASSERTION_FAILED + NL +
-                                          "StateTransitionsReturnedObjects: " +
-                                          scenario_string[scenario] +
-                                          "; current state " + states[current_state] + NL +
-                                          operations[operation] +
-                                          "; unexpected exception: " + excep);
-                            continue;
-                        }
-                    }
-
-                    if( expected_state == ERROR ){
-                        if( e == null ){
-                            appendMessage(ASSERTION_FAILED + NL +
-                                          "StateTransitionsReturnedObjects: " +
-                                          scenario_string[scenario] +
-                                          "; current state " + states[current_state] + NL +
-                                          operations[operation] +
-                                          "; JDOUserException should have been thrown");
-                        } else {
-                            int stateOfObj = currentState(obj);
-                            if( stateOfObj != current_state ){
-                                appendMessage(ASSERTION_FAILED + NL +
-                                              "StateTransitionsReturnedObjects: " +
-                                              scenario_string[scenario] +
-                                              "; current state " + states[current_state] + NL +
-                                              operations[operation] +
-                                              "; JDOUserException properly thrown, but instance should remain in current state," +
-                                              " instance changed state to " + states[stateOfObj]);
-                            }
-                        }
-                    } else {
-                        // Get new state, verify correct transition and exceptions occurred
-                        new_state = currentState(returnedObject);
-                        if( !compareStates(new_state, expected_state) ) { 
-                            appendMessage(ASSERTION_FAILED + NL +
-                                          "StateTransitionsReturnedObjects: " +
-                                          scenario_string[scenario] +
-                                          "; current state " + states[current_state] + NL +
-                                          operations[operation] +
-                                          " returned instance in invalid state " + states[new_state] + 
-                                          "; expected state " + states[expected_state]);
-                        }
-                    }
-                    if( transaction.isActive() ) transaction.rollback();
-                } 
-                catch(Exception unexpected_exception) {
-                    if (transaction.isActive()) 
-                        transaction.rollback();
-                    appendMessage(ASSERTION_FAILED + NL +
-                                  "StateTransitionsReturnedObjects: " +
-                                  scenario_string[scenario] +
-                                  "; current state " + states[current_state] + NL +
-                                  operations[operation] +
-                                  "; unexpected exception caught: " + unexpected_exception);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    /** */
-    void printSituation()
-    {
-        if (debug) {
-            logger.debug(" (" + scenario_string[scenario] +
-                         ", initial state=" + states[current_state] + 
-                         ", " + operations[operation] + ")");
-        }
-    }
-
-    /** */
-    Object applyOperation(int operation, StateTransitionObj stobj)
-    {
-        Object result = null;
-        StateTransitionObj obj = (StateTransitionObj) stobj;
-        switch( operation ){
-            case MAKEPERSISTENT:
-                result = pm.makePersistent(obj);
-                break;
-    
-            case DETACHCOPYOUTSIDETXNTRTRU:
-            case DETACHCOPYOUTSIDETXNTRFLS:
-            case DETACHCOPYINSIDEDATASTORETX:
-            case DETACHCOPYINSIDEOPTIMISTICTX:
-                result = pm.detachCopy(obj);
-                break;      
-    
-            case SERIALIZEOUTSIDETX:
-            case SERIALIZEINSIDETX:
-                ObjectOutputStream oos = null;
-                ObjectInputStream ois = null;
-                try {
-                    ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOutputStream = 
-                        new ByteArrayOutputStream();
-                    oos = new ObjectOutputStream(byteArrayOutputStream);
-                    oos.writeObject(obj);
-                    ois = new ObjectInputStream(new ByteArrayInputStream(
-                            byteArrayOutputStream.toByteArray()));
-                    result = ois.readObject();
-                } catch (IOException e) {
-                    throw new JDOFatalException(e.getMessage(), e);
-                } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
-                    throw new JDOFatalException(e.getMessage(), e);
-                } finally {
-                    try {
-                        if (oos != null) {
-                            oos.close();
-                        }
-                        if (ois != null) {
-                            ois.close();
-                        }
-                    } catch (IOException e) {
-                        throw new JDOFatalException(e.getMessage(), e);
-                    }
-                }
-                break;   
-                
-            default:
-                appendMessage(ASSERTION_FAILED + NL +
-                              "StateTransitionsReturnedObjects: " +
-                              scenario_string[scenario] +
-                              "; internal error, illegal operation: " + operation);
-        }
-        return result;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Get an instance in the specified state.
-     */
-    public StateTransitionObj getInstanceInState(int state)
-    {
-        switch(state) {
-        case TRANSIENT:
-            return getTransientInstance();
-        case PERSISTENT_NEW:
-            return getPersistentNewInstance();
-        case PERSISTENT_CLEAN:
-            return getPersistentCleanInstance();
-        case PERSISTENT_DIRTY:
-            return getPersistentDirtyInstance();
-        case HOLLOW:
-            return getHollowInstance();
-        case TRANSIENT_CLEAN:
-            return getTransientCleanInstance();
-        case TRANSIENT_DIRTY:
-            return getTransientDirtyInstance();
-        case PERSISTENT_NEW_DELETED:
-            return getPersistentNewDeletedInstance();
-        case PERSISTENT_DELETED:
-            return getPersistentDeletedInstance();
-        case PERSISTENT_NONTRANSACTIONAL:
-            return getPersistentNontransactionalInstance();
-        case PERSISTENT_NONTRANSACTIONAL_DIRTY:
-            return getPersistentNontransactionalDirtyInstance();
-        case DETACHED_CLEAN:
-            return getDetachedCleanInstance();
-        case DETACHED_DIRTY:
-            return getDetachedDirtyInstance();
-        default:
-            return null;
-        }
-    }
-
-    /** */
-    public StateTransitionObj getTransientInstance()
-    {
-        StateTransitionObj obj = new StateTransitionObj(23);
-        int curr = currentState(obj);
-        if( curr != TRANSIENT ) {
-            if (debug) {
-                logger.debug("StateTransitionsReturnedObjects: Unable to create transient instance, state is " + 
-                             states[curr]);
-            }
-            return null;
-        }
-        return obj;
-    }
-
-    /** */
-    public StateTransitionObj getPersistentNewInstance()
-    {
-        StateTransitionObj obj = getTransientInstance();
-        if( obj == null ) return null;
-        pm.makePersistent(obj); // should transition to persistent-new
-        int curr = currentState(obj);
-        if( curr != PERSISTENT_NEW ) {
-            if (debug) {
-                logger.debug("StateTransitionsReturnedObjects: Unable to create persistent-new instance" +
-                             " from transient instance via makePersistent(), state is " +
-                             states[curr]);
-            }
-            return null;
-        }
-        return obj;
-    }
-    
-    /** */
-    public StateTransitionObj getPersistentCleanInstance()
-    {
-        StateTransitionObj obj = getHollowInstance();
-        if( obj == null ) return null;
-        StateTransitionObj sto = (StateTransitionObj) obj;
-        sto.readField();
-        int curr = currentState(sto);
-        if( curr != PERSISTENT_CLEAN ) {
-            if (debug) {
-                logger.debug("StateTransitionsReturnedObjects: Unable to create persistent-clean instance" +
-                             " from a hollow instance by reading a field, state is " +
-                             states[curr]);
-            }
-            return null;
-        }
-        return obj;
-    }
-    
-    /** */
-    public StateTransitionObj getPersistentDirtyInstance()
-    {
-        StateTransitionObj obj = getHollowInstance();
-        if( obj == null ) return null;
-        StateTransitionObj pcobj = (StateTransitionObj) obj;
-        pcobj.writeField(23);
-        int curr = currentState(obj);
-        if( curr != PERSISTENT_DIRTY ) {
-            if (debug) {
-                logger.debug("StateTransitionsReturnedObjects: Unable to create persistent-dirty instance" +
-                             " from a hollow instance by writing a field, state is " +
-                             states[curr]);
-            }
-            return null;
-        }
-        return obj;
-    }
-
-    /** */
-    public StateTransitionObj getHollowInstance()
-    {
-        Extent extent = pm.getExtent(StateTransitionObj.class, false);
-        Iterator iter = extent.iterator();
-        if( !iter.hasNext() ){
-            if (debug)
-                logger.debug("Extent for StateTransitionObj should not be empty");
-            return null;
-        }
-        StateTransitionObj obj = (StateTransitionObj) iter.next();
-        
-        transaction.setRetainValues(false);
-        if ( !transaction.isActive() )
-            transaction.begin();
-        if( !transaction.isActive() )
-            if (debug)
-                logger.debug("getHollowInstance: Transaction should be active, but it is not");
-        
-        transaction.commit(); // This should put the instance in the HOLLOW state
-
-        prepareTransactionAndJDOSettings(transaction);
-
-        int curr = currentState(obj);
-        if( curr != HOLLOW && curr != PERSISTENT_NONTRANSACTIONAL ){
-            if (debug) {
-                logger.debug("StateTransitionsReturnedObjects: Attempt to get hollow instance via accessing extent failed, state is " +
-                             states[curr]);
-            }
-            return null;
-        }
-        return obj;
-    }
-    
-    /** */
-    public StateTransitionObj getTransientCleanInstance()
-    {
-        StateTransitionObj obj = getTransientInstance();
-        if( obj == null ) return null;
-        pm.makeTransactional(obj);
-        int curr = currentState(obj);
-        if( curr != TRANSIENT_CLEAN ) {
-            if (debug) {
-                logger.debug("StateTransitionsReturnedObjects: Unable to create transient-clean instance" +
-                             " from a transient instance via makeTransactional(), state is " +
-                             states[curr]);
-            }
-            return null;
-        }
-        return obj;
-    }
-
-    /** */
-    public StateTransitionObj getTransientDirtyInstance()
-    {
-        StateTransitionObj obj = getTransientCleanInstance();
-        if( obj == null ) return null;
-        StateTransitionObj pcobj = (StateTransitionObj) obj;
-        pcobj.writeField(23);
-        int curr = currentState(obj);
-        if( curr != TRANSIENT_DIRTY ) { 
-            if (debug) {
-                logger.debug("StateTransitionsReturnedObjects: Unable to create transient-dirty instance" +
-                             " from a transient-clean instance via modifying a field, state is " +
-                             states[curr]);
-            }
-            return null;
-        }
-        return obj;
-    }
-
-    /** */
-    public StateTransitionObj getPersistentNewDeletedInstance()
-    {
-        StateTransitionObj obj = getPersistentNewInstance();
-        if( obj == null ) return null;
-        pm.deletePersistent(obj);   // should transition to persistent-new-deleted
-        int curr = currentState(obj);
-        if( curr != PERSISTENT_NEW_DELETED) { 
-            if (debug) {
-                logger.debug("StateTransitionsReturnedObjects: Unable to create persistent-new-deleted instance" +
-                             " from a persistent-new instance via deletePersistent, state is " +
-                             states[curr]);
-            }
-            return null;
-        }
-        return obj;
-    }
-    
-    /** */
-    public StateTransitionObj getPersistentDeletedInstance()
-    {
-        StateTransitionObj obj = getHollowInstance();
-        if( obj == null ) return null;
-        pm.deletePersistent(obj);
-        int curr = currentState(obj);
-        if( curr != PERSISTENT_DELETED ) { 
-            if (debug) {
-                logger.debug("StateTransitionsReturnedObjects: Unable to create persistent-deleted instance" +
-                             " from a persistent instance via deletePersistent(), state is " +
-                             states[curr]);
-            }
-            return null;
-        }
-        return obj;
-    }
-
-    /** */
-    public StateTransitionObj getPersistentNontransactionalInstance()
-    {
-        StateTransitionObj obj = getHollowInstance();
-        if( obj == null ) return null;
-        pm.makeNontransactional(obj);
-        int curr = currentState(obj);
-        if( curr != PERSISTENT_NONTRANSACTIONAL && curr != HOLLOW ) { 
-            if (debug) {
-                logger.debug("StateTransitionsReturnedObjects: Unable to create persistent-nontransactional instance" +
-                             " from a persistent-clean instance via makeNontransactional(), state is " +
-                             states[curr]);
-            }
-            return null;
-        }
-        return obj;
-    }
-
-    /** */
-    public StateTransitionObj getPersistentNontransactionalDirtyInstance()
-    {
-        StateTransitionObj obj = getPersistentNontransactionalInstance();
-        if( obj == null ) return null;
-        obj.writeField(10000);
-        int curr = currentState(obj);
-        if( curr != PERSISTENT_NONTRANSACTIONAL_DIRTY ) { 
-            if (debug) {
-                logger.debug("StateTransitionsReturnedObjects: Unable to create persistent-nontransactional-dirty instance" +
-                             " from a persistent-clean instance via makeNontransactional()/JDOHelper.makeDirty," +
-                             " state is " + states[curr]);
-            }
-            return null;
-        }
-        return obj;
-    }
-
-    /** */
-    public StateTransitionObj getDetachedCleanInstance()
-    {
-        StateTransitionObj obj = getHollowInstance();
-        if( obj == null ) return null;
-        obj = (StateTransitionObj) pm.detachCopy(obj);
-        int curr = currentState(obj);
-        if( curr != DETACHED_CLEAN ) { 
-            if (debug) {
-                logger.debug("StateTransitionsReturnedObjects: Unable to create detached-clean instance" +
-                             " from a persistent-clean instance via detachCopy," +
-                             " state is " + states[curr]);
-            }
-            return null;
-        }
-        return obj;
-    }
-
-    /** */
-    public StateTransitionObj getDetachedDirtyInstance()
-    {
-        StateTransitionObj obj = getHollowInstance();
-        if( obj == null ) return null;
-        obj = (StateTransitionObj) pm.detachCopy(obj);
-        obj.writeField(1000);
-        int curr = currentState(obj);
-        if( curr != DETACHED_DIRTY ) { 
-            if (debug) {
-                logger.debug("StateTransitionsReturnedObjects: Unable to create detached-dirty instance" +
-                             " from a persistent-clean instance via detachCopy/persistent field modification," +
-                             " state is " + states[curr]);
-            }
-            return null;
-        }
-        return obj;
-    }
-}
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software 
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, 
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. 
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and 
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+ 
+package org.apache.jdo.tck.lifecycle;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
+import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+
+import javax.jdo.Extent;
+import javax.jdo.JDOFatalException;
+import javax.jdo.Transaction;
+
+import org.apache.jdo.tck.JDO_Test;
+import org.apache.jdo.tck.pc.lifecycle.StateTransitionObj;
+import org.apache.jdo.tck.util.BatchTestRunner;
+
+/**
+ *<B>Title:</B> Test State Transitions
+ *<BR>
+ *<B>Keywords:</B> lifecycle
+ *<BR>
+ *<B>Assertion IDs:</B> A5.9-1 through A5.9-190
+ *<B>Assertion Description: </B>
+ All possible state transistions are being tested in this test.
+ */
+
+public class StateTransitionsReturnedObjects extends JDO_Test {
+
+    /** */
+    private static final String ASSERTION_FAILED = 
+        "Assertions A5.9-1 through A5.5.8 (serialization, detachment, attachment) failed: ";
+    
+    /**
+     * The <code>main</code> is called when the class
+     * is directly executed from the command line.
+     * @param args The arguments passed to the program.
+     */
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+        BatchTestRunner.run(StateTransitionsReturnedObjects.class);
+    }
+    
+    private Transaction                 transaction;
+    private int                         scenario;
+    private int                         operation;
+    private int                         current_state;
+    private int                         expected_state;
+    private int                         new_state;
+
+    /**
+     * Operations that cause state changes
+     */
+    private static final int MAKEPERSISTENT          = 0;
+    private static final int DETACHCOPYOUTSIDETXNTRTRU = 1;
+    private static final int DETACHCOPYOUTSIDETXNTRFLS = 2;
+    private static final int DETACHCOPYINSIDEDATASTORETX = 3;
+    private static final int DETACHCOPYINSIDEOPTIMISTICTX = 4;
+    private static final int SERIALIZEOUTSIDETX = 5;
+    private static final int SERIALIZEINSIDETX       = 6;
+    
+    private static final int NUM_OPERATIONS          = 7;
+    
+    private static final String[] operations = {
+        "makePersistent",
+        "detachCopy outside tx with NontransactionalRead true",
+        "detachCopy outside tx with NontransactionalRead false",
+        "detachCopy with active datastore tx",
+        "detachCopy with active optimistic tx",
+        "serialize outside tx",
+        "serialize with active tx"
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Illegal state transitions
+     */
+    private static final int UNCHANGED                   = -1;
+    private static final int ERROR                       = -2;
+    private static final int IMPOSSIBLE                  = -3;
+    private static final int NOT_APPLICABLE              = -4;
+    private static final int UNSPECIFIED                 = -5;
+
+    /**
+     * State transitions
+     */
+    public static final int[][] statesOfReturnedObjects = { // [operation] [current state] = new state
+        //  TRANSIENT,                      PERSISTENT_NEW,                     PERSISTENT_CLEAN,
+        //  PERSISTENT_DIRTY,               HOLLOW,                             TRANSIENT_CLEAN,
+        //  TRANSIENT_DIRTY,                PERSISTENT_NEW_DELETED,             PERSISTENT_DELETED, 
+        //  PERSISTENT_NONTRANSACTIONAL,    PERSISTENT_NONTRANSACTIONAL_DIRTY,  DETACHED_CLEAN, 
+        //  DETACHED_DIRTY
+        
+        // makePersistent
+        {   PERSISTENT_NEW,                 UNCHANGED,                          UNCHANGED,
+            UNCHANGED,                      UNCHANGED,                          PERSISTENT_NEW,
+            PERSISTENT_NEW,                 UNCHANGED,                          UNCHANGED, 
+            UNCHANGED,                      UNCHANGED,                          PERSISTENT_CLEAN,     
+            PERSISTENT_DIRTY},
+
+        // detachCopy outside tx with NontransactionalRead=true
+        {   ERROR,                          IMPOSSIBLE,                         IMPOSSIBLE,
+            IMPOSSIBLE,                     DETACHED_CLEAN,                     ERROR,
+            IMPOSSIBLE,                     IMPOSSIBLE,                         IMPOSSIBLE,
+            DETACHED_CLEAN,                 UNSPECIFIED,                        DETACHED_CLEAN,
+            UNSPECIFIED},
+
+        // detachCopy outside tx with NontransactionalRead=false
+        {   ERROR,                          ERROR,                              ERROR,
+            ERROR,                          ERROR,                              ERROR,
+            IMPOSSIBLE,                     IMPOSSIBLE,                         IMPOSSIBLE,
+            ERROR,                          ERROR,                              ERROR,
+            ERROR},
+
+        // detachCopy with active datastore tx
+        {   DETACHED_CLEAN,                 DETACHED_CLEAN,                     DETACHED_CLEAN,
+            DETACHED_CLEAN,                 DETACHED_CLEAN,                     DETACHED_CLEAN,
+            DETACHED_CLEAN,                 ERROR,                              ERROR,
+            DETACHED_CLEAN,                 IMPOSSIBLE,                         DETACHED_CLEAN,
+            DETACHED_CLEAN},
+
+        // detachCopy with active optimistic tx
+        {   DETACHED_CLEAN,                 DETACHED_CLEAN,                     DETACHED_CLEAN,
+            DETACHED_CLEAN,                 DETACHED_CLEAN,                     DETACHED_CLEAN,
+            DETACHED_CLEAN,                 ERROR,                              ERROR,
+            DETACHED_CLEAN,                 IMPOSSIBLE,                         DETACHED_CLEAN,
+            DETACHED_CLEAN},
+
+        // serialize outside tx
+        {   UNCHANGED,                      IMPOSSIBLE,                         IMPOSSIBLE,
+            IMPOSSIBLE,                     DETACHED_CLEAN,                     IMPOSSIBLE,
+            IMPOSSIBLE,                     IMPOSSIBLE,                         IMPOSSIBLE,
+            DETACHED_CLEAN,                 TRANSIENT,                          UNCHANGED,
+            UNCHANGED},
+
+        // serialize with active tx
+        {   UNCHANGED,                      DETACHED_CLEAN,                     DETACHED_CLEAN,
+            DETACHED_CLEAN,                 DETACHED_CLEAN,                     TRANSIENT,
+            TRANSIENT,                      TRANSIENT,                          TRANSIENT,
+            DETACHED_CLEAN,                 TRANSIENT,                          UNCHANGED,
+            UNCHANGED},
+    };
+
+    private static final int DATASTORE_TX = 0;
+    private static final int OPTIMISTIC_TX = 1;
+    private static final int NO_TX = 2;
+
+    private static final String[] scenario_string = {
+        "datastore transaction", "optimistic transaction", "no transaction"
+    };
+
+    private static final boolean[][] applies_to_scenario = {
+        //  Datastore   Optimistic      No tx
+        {   true,          true,        false },  // makePersistent
+        // since the spec leaves detachCopy outside tx a bit underspecified,
+        // we decided to disable this scanario for now
+        {   false,         false,       true },   // detachCopy outside tx with NontransactionalRead=true
+        {   false,         false,       false },   // detachCopy outside tx with NontransactionalRead=false
+        {   true,          true,        false },  // detachCopy with active datastore tx
+        {   true,          true,        false },  // detachCopy with active optimistic tx
+        {   false,         false,       true },   // serialize outside tx
+        {   true,          true,        false }   // serialize with active tx
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * @see JDO_Test#localSetUp()
+     */
+    protected void localSetUp() {
+        pm = getPM();
+        addTearDownClass(StateTransitionObj.class);
+        generatePersistentInstances();
+    }
+    
+    public void test() {
+        scenario = DATASTORE_TX;
+        checkTransitions();
+
+        if( isOptimisticSupported() ){
+            scenario = OPTIMISTIC_TX;
+            checkTransitions();
+        }
+
+        scenario = NO_TX;
+        checkTransitions();
+        failOnError();
+    }
+
+    /** */
+    private void generatePersistentInstances()
+    {
+        if( doPersistentInstancesExist() ) return;
+        int i;
+        Transaction t = pm.currentTransaction();
+        t.begin();
+        for( i = 0; i < 50; ++i ){
+            StateTransitionObj sto = new StateTransitionObj(i);
+            sto.writeField(i);
+            pm.makePersistent(sto);
+        }
+        t.commit();
+        if( !doPersistentInstancesExist() )
+            if (debug)
+                logger.debug("StateTransitionsReturnedObjects unable to create instances of StateTransitionsObj");
+    }
+
+    /** */
+    private boolean doPersistentInstancesExist()
+    {
+        boolean ret;
+        Transaction t = pm.currentTransaction();
+        t.begin();
+        Extent e = pm.getExtent(StateTransitionObj.class, false);
+        Iterator iter = e.iterator();
+        ret = iter.hasNext();
+        t.rollback();
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    /** */
+    public void prepareTransactionAndJDOSettings(Transaction transaction) {
+        if( scenario != NO_TX ) {
+            transaction.setNontransactionalRead(false);
+            transaction.setNontransactionalWrite(false);
+            pm.setDetachAllOnCommit(false);
+
+            transaction.setOptimistic(scenario == OPTIMISTIC_TX);
+            transaction.begin();
+            if( !transaction.isActive() )
+                if (debug)
+                    logger.debug("StateTransitionsReturnedObjects: Transaction should be active, but it is not");
+        } else {
+            if( operation == DETACHCOPYOUTSIDETXNTRTRU ||
+                operation == SERIALIZEOUTSIDETX ) {
+                transaction.setNontransactionalRead(true);
+            }
+            if( current_state == PERSISTENT_NONTRANSACTIONAL_DIRTY) {
+                transaction.setNontransactionalRead(true);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    
+    /** */
+    void checkTransitions()
+    {
+        for( operation = 0; operation < NUM_OPERATIONS; ++operation ){
+            // rule out situations that do not apply
+            if( !applies_to_scenario[operation][scenario] ) continue;
+            if( (operation == DETACHCOPYOUTSIDETXNTRTRU ||
+                 operation == SERIALIZEOUTSIDETX) && 
+                 !isNontransactionalReadSupported() ) continue;
+
+            for( current_state = 0; current_state < NUM_STATES; ++current_state){
+                if( scenario == OPTIMISTIC_TX && current_state == PERSISTENT_CLEAN ) continue;
+                if( (current_state == TRANSIENT_CLEAN || current_state == TRANSIENT_DIRTY) &&
+                    !isTransientTransactionalSupported() )
+                    continue;   // this state is not supported by implementation
+                if( current_state == PERSISTENT_NONTRANSACTIONAL &&
+                    !(isNontransactionalReadSupported() || isNontransactionalWriteSupported()) )
+                    continue;   // this state is not supported by implementation
+                if( current_state == PERSISTENT_NONTRANSACTIONAL_DIRTY &&
+                        !isNontransactionalWriteSupported() )
+                    continue;
+
+                expected_state = statesOfReturnedObjects[operation][current_state];
+                if( expected_state == IMPOSSIBLE ) continue;
+                if( expected_state == NOT_APPLICABLE ) continue;
+                if( expected_state == UNSPECIFIED ) continue;
+                if( expected_state == UNCHANGED ) expected_state = current_state;
+                try {
+                    transaction = pm.currentTransaction();
+                    if( transaction.isActive()){
+                        if (debug)
+                            logger.debug("Transaction is active (but should not be), rolling back");
+                        transaction.rollback();
+                    }
+
+                    prepareTransactionAndJDOSettings(transaction);
+
+                    printSituation();
+                    
+                    StateTransitionObj obj = getInstanceInState(current_state);
+                    if( obj == null ){  // could not get object in state
+                        if( transaction.isActive() ) transaction.rollback();
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                    // Apply operation, catching possible exception
+                    Exception e = null;
+                    Object returnedObject = null;
+                    try {
+                        returnedObject = applyOperation(operation, obj);
+                    } catch( Exception excep ){
+                        if( excep instanceof javax.jdo.JDOUserException ){
+                            e = excep;
+                        } else {
+                            appendMessage(ASSERTION_FAILED + NL +
+                                          "StateTransitionsReturnedObjects: " +
+                                          scenario_string[scenario] +
+                                          "; current state " + states[current_state] + NL +
+                                          operations[operation] +
+                                          "; unexpected exception: " + excep);
+                            continue;
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    if( expected_state == ERROR ){
+                        if( e == null ){
+                            appendMessage(ASSERTION_FAILED + NL +
+                                          "StateTransitionsReturnedObjects: " +
+                                          scenario_string[scenario] +
+                                          "; current state " + states[current_state] + NL +
+                                          operations[operation] +
+                                          "; JDOUserException should have been thrown");
+                        } else {
+                            int stateOfObj = currentState(obj);
+                            if( stateOfObj != current_state ){
+                                appendMessage(ASSERTION_FAILED + NL +
+                                              "StateTransitionsReturnedObjects: " +
+                                              scenario_string[scenario] +
+                                              "; current state " + states[current_state] + NL +
+                                              operations[operation] +
+                                              "; JDOUserException properly thrown, but instance should remain in current state," +
+                                              " instance changed state to " + states[stateOfObj]);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        // Get new state, verify correct transition and exceptions occurred
+                        new_state = currentState(returnedObject);
+                        if( !compareStates(new_state, expected_state) ) { 
+                            appendMessage(ASSERTION_FAILED + NL +
+                                          "StateTransitionsReturnedObjects: " +
+                                          scenario_string[scenario] +
+                                          "; current state " + states[current_state] + NL +
+                                          operations[operation] +
+                                          " returned instance in invalid state " + states[new_state] + 
+                                          "; expected state " + states[expected_state]);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    if( transaction.isActive() ) transaction.rollback();
+                } 
+                catch(Exception unexpected_exception) {
+                    if (transaction.isActive()) 
+                        transaction.rollback();
+                    appendMessage(ASSERTION_FAILED + NL +
+                                  "StateTransitionsReturnedObjects: " +
+                                  scenario_string[scenario] +
+                                  "; current state " + states[current_state] + NL +
+                                  operations[operation] +
+                                  "; unexpected exception caught: " + unexpected_exception);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** */
+    void printSituation()
+    {
+        if (debug) {
+            logger.debug(" (" + scenario_string[scenario] +
+                         ", initial state=" + states[current_state] + 
+                         ", " + operations[operation] + ")");
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** */
+    Object applyOperation(int operation, StateTransitionObj stobj)
+    {
+        Object result = null;
+        StateTransitionObj obj = (StateTransitionObj) stobj;
+        switch( operation ){
+            case MAKEPERSISTENT:
+                result = pm.makePersistent(obj);
+                break;
+    
+            case DETACHCOPYOUTSIDETXNTRTRU:
+            case DETACHCOPYOUTSIDETXNTRFLS:
+            case DETACHCOPYINSIDEDATASTORETX:
+            case DETACHCOPYINSIDEOPTIMISTICTX:
+                result = pm.detachCopy(obj);
+                break;      
+    
+            case SERIALIZEOUTSIDETX:
+            case SERIALIZEINSIDETX:
+                ObjectOutputStream oos = null;
+                ObjectInputStream ois = null;
+                try {
+                    ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOutputStream = 
+                        new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+                    oos = new ObjectOutputStream(byteArrayOutputStream);
+                    oos.writeObject(obj);
+                    ois = new ObjectInputStream(new ByteArrayInputStream(
+                            byteArrayOutputStream.toByteArray()));
+                    result = ois.readObject();
+                } catch (IOException e) {
+                    throw new JDOFatalException(e.getMessage(), e);
+                } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
+                    throw new JDOFatalException(e.getMessage(), e);
+                } finally {
+                    try {
+                        if (oos != null) {
+                            oos.close();
+                        }
+                        if (ois != null) {
+                            ois.close();
+                        }
+                    } catch (IOException e) {
+                        throw new JDOFatalException(e.getMessage(), e);
+                    }
+                }
+                break;   
+                
+            default:
+                appendMessage(ASSERTION_FAILED + NL +
+                              "StateTransitionsReturnedObjects: " +
+                              scenario_string[scenario] +
+                              "; internal error, illegal operation: " + operation);
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get an instance in the specified state.
+     */
+    public StateTransitionObj getInstanceInState(int state)
+    {
+        switch(state) {
+        case TRANSIENT:
+            return getTransientInstance();
+        case PERSISTENT_NEW:
+            return getPersistentNewInstance();
+        case PERSISTENT_CLEAN:
+            return getPersistentCleanInstance();
+        case PERSISTENT_DIRTY:
+            return getPersistentDirtyInstance();
+        case HOLLOW:
+            return getHollowInstance();
+        case TRANSIENT_CLEAN:
+            return getTransientCleanInstance();
+        case TRANSIENT_DIRTY:
+            return getTransientDirtyInstance();
+        case PERSISTENT_NEW_DELETED:
+            return getPersistentNewDeletedInstance();
+        case PERSISTENT_DELETED:
+            return getPersistentDeletedInstance();
+        case PERSISTENT_NONTRANSACTIONAL:
+            return getPersistentNontransactionalInstance();
+        case PERSISTENT_NONTRANSACTIONAL_DIRTY:
+            return getPersistentNontransactionalDirtyInstance();
+        case DETACHED_CLEAN:
+            return getDetachedCleanInstance();
+        case DETACHED_DIRTY:
+            return getDetachedDirtyInstance();
+        default:
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** */
+    public StateTransitionObj getTransientInstance()
+    {
+        StateTransitionObj obj = new StateTransitionObj(23);
+        int curr = currentState(obj);
+        if( curr != TRANSIENT ) {
+            if (debug) {
+                logger.debug("StateTransitionsReturnedObjects: Unable to create transient instance, state is " + 
+                             states[curr]);
+            }
+            return null;
+        }
+        return obj;
+    }
+
+    /** */
+    public StateTransitionObj getPersistentNewInstance()
+    {
+        StateTransitionObj obj = getTransientInstance();
+        if( obj == null ) return null;
+        pm.makePersistent(obj); // should transition to persistent-new
+        int curr = currentState(obj);
+        if( curr != PERSISTENT_NEW ) {
+            if (debug) {
+                logger.debug("StateTransitionsReturnedObjects: Unable to create persistent-new instance" +
+                             " from transient instance via makePersistent(), state is " +
+                             states[curr]);
+            }
+            return null;
+        }
+        return obj;
+    }
+    
+    /** */
+    public StateTransitionObj getPersistentCleanInstance()
+    {
+        StateTransitionObj obj = getHollowInstance();
+        if( obj == null ) return null;
+        StateTransitionObj sto = (StateTransitionObj) obj;
+        sto.readField();
+        int curr = currentState(sto);
+        if( curr != PERSISTENT_CLEAN ) {
+            if (debug) {
+                logger.debug("StateTransitionsReturnedObjects: Unable to create persistent-clean instance" +
+                             " from a hollow instance by reading a field, state is " +
+                             states[curr]);
+            }
+            return null;
+        }
+        return obj;
+    }
+    
+    /** */
+    public StateTransitionObj getPersistentDirtyInstance()
+    {
+        StateTransitionObj obj = getHollowInstance();
+        if( obj == null ) return null;
+        StateTransitionObj pcobj = (StateTransitionObj) obj;
+        pcobj.writeField(23);
+        int curr = currentState(obj);
+        if( curr != PERSISTENT_DIRTY ) {
+            if (debug) {
+                logger.debug("StateTransitionsReturnedObjects: Unable to create persistent-dirty instance" +
+                             " from a hollow instance by writing a field, state is " +
+                             states[curr]);
+            }
+            return null;
+        }
+        return obj;
+    }
+
+    /** */
+    public StateTransitionObj getHollowInstance()
+    {
+        Extent extent = pm.getExtent(StateTransitionObj.class, false);
+        Iterator iter = extent.iterator();
+        if( !iter.hasNext() ){
+            if (debug)
+                logger.debug("Extent for StateTransitionObj should not be empty");
+            return null;
+        }
+        StateTransitionObj obj = (StateTransitionObj) iter.next();
+        
+        transaction.setRetainValues(false);
+        if ( !transaction.isActive() )
+            transaction.begin();
+        if( !transaction.isActive() )
+            if (debug)
+                logger.debug("getHollowInstance: Transaction should be active, but it is not");
+        
+        transaction.commit(); // This should put the instance in the HOLLOW state
+
+        prepareTransactionAndJDOSettings(transaction);
+
+        int curr = currentState(obj);
+        if( curr != HOLLOW && curr != PERSISTENT_NONTRANSACTIONAL ){
+            if (debug) {
+                logger.debug("StateTransitionsReturnedObjects: Attempt to get hollow instance via accessing extent failed, state is " +
+                             states[curr]);
+            }
+            return null;
+        }
+        return obj;
+    }
+    
+    /** */
+    public StateTransitionObj getTransientCleanInstance()
+    {
+        StateTransitionObj obj = getTransientInstance();
+        if( obj == null ) return null;
+        pm.makeTransactional(obj);
+        int curr = currentState(obj);
+        if( curr != TRANSIENT_CLEAN ) {
+            if (debug) {
+                logger.debug("StateTransitionsReturnedObjects: Unable to create transient-clean instance" +
+                             " from a transient instance via makeTransactional(), state is " +
+                             states[curr]);
+            }
+            return null;
+        }
+        return obj;
+    }
+
+    /** */
+    public StateTransitionObj getTransientDirtyInstance()
+    {
+        StateTransitionObj obj = getTransientCleanInstance();
+        if( obj == null ) return null;
+        StateTransitionObj pcobj = (StateTransitionObj) obj;
+        pcobj.writeField(23);
+        int curr = currentState(obj);
+        if( curr != TRANSIENT_DIRTY ) { 
+            if (debug) {
+                logger.debug("StateTransitionsReturnedObjects: Unable to create transient-dirty instance" +
+                             " from a transient-clean instance via modifying a field, state is " +
+                             states[curr]);
+            }
+            return null;
+        }
+        return obj;
+    }
+
+    /** */
+    public StateTransitionObj getPersistentNewDeletedInstance()
+    {
+        StateTransitionObj obj = getPersistentNewInstance();
+        if( obj == null ) return null;
+        pm.deletePersistent(obj);   // should transition to persistent-new-deleted
+        int curr = currentState(obj);
+        if( curr != PERSISTENT_NEW_DELETED) { 
+            if (debug) {
+                logger.debug("StateTransitionsReturnedObjects: Unable to create persistent-new-deleted instance" +
+                             " from a persistent-new instance via deletePersistent, state is " +
+                             states[curr]);
+            }
+            return null;
+        }
+        return obj;
+    }
+    
+    /** */
+    public StateTransitionObj getPersistentDeletedInstance()
+    {
+        StateTransitionObj obj = getHollowInstance();
+        if( obj == null ) return null;
+        pm.deletePersistent(obj);
+        int curr = currentState(obj);
+        if( curr != PERSISTENT_DELETED ) { 
+            if (debug) {
+                logger.debug("StateTransitionsReturnedObjects: Unable to create persistent-deleted instance" +
+                             " from a persistent instance via deletePersistent(), state is " +
+                             states[curr]);
+            }
+            return null;
+        }
+        return obj;
+    }
+
+    /** */
+    public StateTransitionObj getPersistentNontransactionalInstance()
+    {
+        StateTransitionObj obj = getHollowInstance();
+        if( obj == null ) return null;
+        pm.makeNontransactional(obj);
+        int curr = currentState(obj);
+        if( curr != PERSISTENT_NONTRANSACTIONAL && curr != HOLLOW ) { 
+            if (debug) {
+                logger.debug("StateTransitionsReturnedObjects: Unable to create persistent-nontransactional instance" +
+                             " from a persistent-clean instance via makeNontransactional(), state is " +
+                             states[curr]);
+            }
+            return null;
+        }
+        return obj;
+    }
+
+    /** */
+    public StateTransitionObj getPersistentNontransactionalDirtyInstance()
+    {
+        StateTransitionObj obj = getPersistentNontransactionalInstance();
+        if( obj == null ) return null;
+        obj.writeField(10000);
+        int curr = currentState(obj);
+        if( curr != PERSISTENT_NONTRANSACTIONAL_DIRTY ) { 
+            if (debug) {
+                logger.debug("StateTransitionsReturnedObjects: Unable to create persistent-nontransactional-dirty instance" +
+                             " from a persistent-clean instance via makeNontransactional()/JDOHelper.makeDirty," +
+                             " state is " + states[curr]);
+            }
+            return null;
+        }
+        return obj;
+    }
+
+    /** */
+    public StateTransitionObj getDetachedCleanInstance()
+    {
+        StateTransitionObj obj = getHollowInstance();
+        if( obj == null ) return null;
+        obj = (StateTransitionObj) pm.detachCopy(obj);
+        int curr = currentState(obj);
+        if( curr != DETACHED_CLEAN ) { 
+            if (debug) {
+                logger.debug("StateTransitionsReturnedObjects: Unable to create detached-clean instance" +
+                             " from a persistent-clean instance via detachCopy," +
+                             " state is " + states[curr]);
+            }
+            return null;
+        }
+        return obj;
+    }
+
+    /** */
+    public StateTransitionObj getDetachedDirtyInstance()
+    {
+        StateTransitionObj obj = getHollowInstance();
+        if( obj == null ) return null;
+        obj = (StateTransitionObj) pm.detachCopy(obj);
+        obj.writeField(1000);
+        int curr = currentState(obj);
+        if( curr != DETACHED_DIRTY ) { 
+            if (debug) {
+                logger.debug("StateTransitionsReturnedObjects: Unable to create detached-dirty instance" +
+                             " from a persistent-clean instance via detachCopy/persistent field modification," +
+                             " state is " + states[curr]);
+            }
+            return null;
+        }
+        return obj;
+    }
+}