Regularly I have a problem with NPEs in binding when the binding references an ID which does not exist in the definition. The NPE is thrown in ValueJXPathBinding.java, line 129. What I want to add is to throw an Exception before depending on a null test on the widget. Therefore the method should declare that it throws a checked exception. Has anybody any objections against the change of public abstract void doLoad(Widget frmModel, JXPathContext jxpc); to public abstract void doLoad(Widget frmModel, JXPathContext jxpc) throws BindingException; in org.apache.cocoon.woody.binding.JXPathBindingBase.java, line 149? Joerg